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Furthermore after 1980, within Thatcher\u2019s government1<\/sup><\/b> economic policies on regenerative power \u201ccreated Nouveau Riches<\/i> in the city and in certain fields of enterprise. Yuppies<\/i> helped to generate a property boom in gentrifying districts, employment grew in boutiques, restaurants, car showrooms and other forms of domestic and conspicuous consumption\u201d (Ibid, p463).<\/p>\nBy the turn of Twenty-First century, the new generation of so-called Millenials<\/i> appeared [Fig.2]2<\/sup><\/b>\u00a0 <\/span>demanding a place in the city. Consequently, fragmentation inside local traditions and social practices increased community displacements and gentrification (Minton, 2006). The big social issues of the Century. In cities such as London and New York the forces of redevelopment have been absorbing the identity of small and local services that gives its character to city\u2019s neighbourhoods, particularly those with Ethnic Minority populations (Zukin, 2010).<\/p>\n Evidently, these regeneration processes are taking place in derelict and non-desirable spaces in the city; where ethnic minority groups meet (Rom\u00e1n, 2016), that is to say inhabitants that have a shared origin background. An example3<\/sup><\/b> of this is Elephant and Castle [E&C]<\/b>, where the feeling of ethnicity is frequently fixed in association with Latin America (McIlwaine, 2011). Moreover, the relationship between ethnic groups and urban spaces overlaps almost every sphere of the city\u2019s definition. \u201cFounded by immigrants, London has had a ceaseless history of immigration\u201d (Porter 2000, p435). This is the city of no-one and everyone, as the majority of the forces -political, economic and social- that runs the city are out of the rich of the population itself, the experience of the city is shifting the urban place into a soulless space where people are not able to own and identify their selfs with the site as it is always changing in regards to the economic forces that stands upon the identity of social groups that\u00a0 <\/span>inhabits the urban village, as Zukin mentioned \u201cthe physical fabric of the city is constantly changing around them -residents-\u201d (Zukin,2010. p21) in that order the city is losing its authenticity in terms of the loss of cultural rights for the long time inhabitants, a lost of the dynamics of communities that live and work in the same social frame. Gentrification is the sickness of the global city because it\u00a0 <\/span>disturbs the desire of remain and retains cultural differences, instead, it promotes \u201c dense crowds where no-one knows your name, high prices for inferior living conditions, and intense competition to be in style\u201d (Ibid). That is what the author called \u201cManhattanization\u201d, which is no far from what is happening in London, where the immigrants and ethnic minority background communities that were rooted in traditional neighbourhoods and are disappearing or being displaced, due to the lack of awareness of government and the new inhabitants of the neighborhoods, in regards to the local atmosphere and the lack of connection with the space itself, which affects the conception of city culture. A sense of community is getting lost in the habits of London as a universal city.<\/p>\n The British capital sells itself as a welcoming place where everyone is invited, although since 1960\u2019s new migrant’s laws had been introduced in order to control and regulate who enter the country, configuring how the city itself is experience and transform into a place (Cock, 2010). For all the reasons explain above this essay will consider the discourse of social diverse groups as the tool to analyze communities and the urban realm, focusing in the Latin American community of South London.<\/p>\n Evidently London has many layers of history circumscribed4<\/sup><\/b>, which can be related to the Linguist concept of palimpsest<\/i> [Fig.3]<\/b> in social and urban spheres, allowing one to reinforce the idea of intertwined meaning. As Andreas Huyssen describes the concept5<\/sup><\/b>, \u201cPalimpsest implies voids, illegibility, and erasures, but it also offers a richness of traces and memories, restorations and new constructions that will mark the city as lived space\u201d (2003, p84). Although Huyssen\u2019s use of the concept is more related to the urban space as place that contains layers of memory, it can be argued that communities also nourish those memory-spaces and its social character is as well intrinsic in the layers, building the whole concept of urban the palimpsest.<\/span><\/p>\n The sociologist Godfried Engbersen uses the palimpsest metaphor to develop the concept of urban marginality in terms of the official and the unofficial citizens -legality and illegality- in the contemporary construction of the urban fabric. As the author stands \u201c the palimpsest metaphor is applicable.<\/span><\/p>\n There exists an \u2018overworld\u2019 of formal rules and objectives and an \u2018underworld\u2019 of informal rules and adjusted objectives, and sometimes even of illegal practices. The forms and processes of urban marginality and policy described here reveal border crossings, connections, and linkages between a formal overworld and an informal underworld. This interwovenness can find expression in a person, but also in a company, branch of industry, household, a public institution, community or limited urban space\u201d. (Engbersen, 2011. p8). Therefore the concept is fundamental in order to understand the dualism of cities, such as London, that divides its citizens between immigrants and non-migrants, leading to whole discourse and analysis of different diasporas that localize themselves together geographically within the urban realm. <\/span><\/p>\n This argument is also related with the work of the artist Edgar GuzmanRuiz, who has been working with the Palimpsest concept as a way to explain the <\/span>myth of Germania and the Holocaust horror in Berlin and how it affects many generations after that in the way they conceive the city and the public space. As well as Huyssen, GuzmanRuiz uses the metaphor to create a reflection about memory and the urban fabric. Whereas Engbersen recognises the importance of the geographical and social realms its development of the concept is based on a description of contemporary society in terms of urban marginality, that is to say, discrimination of the jobless and immigrants. Bearing these definitions in mind I will address how a community (Latin Americans) that is recognized for being foreigners and outsiders developed and create a space that has its own roots and social dynamics between the legality and illegality. Additionally, I will address how the process of London city development scheme is trying vanish or change their cultural practices within the British environment, in that sense the urban palimpsest character that identifies transcultural societies (Asante2001), such as London, is in risk of being homogenised into just one layer. <\/span><\/p>\n In this work, I will be examining the situation that has been taking place in Elephant and Castle. Under this scope, the essay will be addressing the notions of London as a City that overlaps layers of meaning tending to ignore some of them in order to give more voice to a desire for profit within the contemporary economic system (Minton, 2006). By doing so, I will be looking at a brief description of the historical re-development processes in the area in order to do a critical analysis of the process nowadays. A key point is the definition of urban landscape by Dolores Hayden as an \u201curban design that recognizes a social diversity of the city as well as the communal uses of space, very different from urban design as monumental architecture governed by form or driven by real estate speculation\u201d(1995,p12). I will be criticizing the undergoing desire of the developers6<\/sup><\/b> and Southwark Council for a new South London, based on Richard Sennett complexity<\/i> definition within the urban realm as the way to create permeable spaces allowing inhabitants and visitors to \u201cengage more with their surroundings\u201d (2009, p225). In addition, illustrations and photographs will be depicting the concepts, within the notion of Fading Layers, addressing the question about whether London is losing its palimpsest character and erasing traces from places that are facing a metamorphosis. Finally, some of the contemporary process for Latin American community \u2018inclusion\u2019 will be shown in the light of Anna Minton\u2019s analysis of the privatization of public space<\/i> (2006) as a conclusion to tackle the revitalisation<\/i> allowing questions to emerge about what will happen in E&C with the community. <\/span><\/p>\n The Elephant and castle area was known as the \u201cPicadilly Circus of South London\u201d (Humphrey, 2013, p5). The area took its name from a public house, around 1765. Elephant and Castle was a hub for social interactions, a busy roundabout full of horses,[Fig.4 and 5] <\/b>cars, buses [Fig.6 and 7]<\/b>, shops founded by local entrepreneurs [Fig.8]<\/b> and leisure centers [Fig.9]<\/b>. However, the essence of the place was and still is its people and the social environment [Fig.10].<\/b><\/p>\n The Palimpsest character of E&C is represented by the restructuring process that has been circulating the area over the last 200 years, as an example the local pub<\/i>7<\/sup><\/b>\u00a0 <\/span>that was reconstructed in more than one occasion [Fig.11, 12,13, 14 and 15]8<\/sup><\/b> .<\/p>\n The blitz left south London full of rubble and wreckage [Fig.16 and 17]9<\/sup><\/b>. So that, in 1960\u2019s the construction of the Elephant and Castle Shopping Centre aimed to revitalise the area and give South Londoners a new space for social interactions [Fig. 18 and 19]<\/b>.<\/p>\n From the 1960\u2019s until 1990\u2019s, Latin America was struggling with social political and economic problems10 <\/sup><\/b>which left the continent with a massive number of disappearances, kidnapping and forced displacement. During Thatcher\u2019s first government the UK welcomed Chilean and Argentinian exiles, from that time many Latin Americans started to migrate to the UK as a way to start new life. In the 1990\u2019s Colombian, Ecuadorian and Venezuelan\u2019s communities started to grow in the capital and by the turn of the Twenty First century there were already large communities of Latin Americans established in London (Mcllwaine and Cock, 2011, p13).<\/p>\n From the 1980\u2019s onwards the selling of London to the \u201cinternational super-rich\u201d (Porter, 2000, p467) increased the development of touristic spots in the city, which brought new jobs for migrants and second-generation migrants, hence developed many polarized areas11<\/sup><\/b>.<\/p>\n One of those polarized spots is the Elephant and Castle Shopping Centre and its surroundings12<\/sup><\/b>.\u00a0 <\/span>Although this place is a commercial space it is really particular how it has shifted into a social place. It is a meeting point inhabited by the Latin entrepreneurs that arrived in London from 1970\u2019s until now. \u201dWhat marks them13<\/sup><\/b> as \u2018Latin Americans\u2019 is the agglomeration of commercial spaces owned by and aimed at Latin American migrants as well as the recurrent use of local public and community spaces for gathering and faith meetings\u201d (Cock,2011, p180). The place is a faithful representation of Transculturality, <\/i>\u201cIt intends a culture and society whose pragmatic feats exist not in delimitation, but in the ability to link and undergo transition. In meeting with other life-forms there are always not only divergences but opportunities to link up…\u201d <\/i>(Welsch, 1999, p6). The concept of transculturality was first define by the Cuban Sociologist Fernando Ortiz\u00a0 <\/span>back in the 1940\u00b4s to describe the mix of the African slaves, spanish and native people from Cuba. Ortiz mentioned how important is to merge and mix in order to allow new cultural dynamics to appear in the new space that diasporic communities inhabit. (1940). Elephant and Castle shopping centre is a space where diverse social groups crossed cultural boundaries and becoming part of London\u2019s urban culture.<\/p>\n Claudia, [Fig.20]<\/b> one of the retailers, that has been working in the E&C shopping Centre since she arrived in\u00a0London, 22 years ago, pointed out that \u201cYou come to Elephant and it is as being in Colombia\u201d (Mapping Memories, 2016). The area is enhancing social constellations of immigrants allowing them to feel comfortable and peaceful in the global<\/i> city. In addition, this commercial space \u201cfacilitates transnational practices that keep them [Latin Americans] in contact with their families (\u2026) the Shopping Centre advertises itself, as a second home for people who are far from their families\u201d (Cock,2011, p184).<\/p>\n Sadly all of these practices are at risk due to the Southwark borough regeneration plan14<\/sup><\/b>, [Fig.21]<\/b>. In that order many questions arise to the surface about how this process is affecting the community there? Is this place at risk of becoming an example of homogenization due to the redevelopment process? Who is going to be there? Who is able to afford new development prices? The idea of the place of community is in the atmosphere, is it going to survive the displacement? Is it important or not for London as a cosmopolitan and multicultural city to keep immigrants expressions and spaces? Is Elephant and Castle losing its traces as an immigrant spot? Can those traces be enhanced and give to the place a sense of cultural and visual identity?<\/p>\n Due to the reach of this work, all these questions are not going to be answered, but at least are going to denounce the situation in theoretical and academic terms in order to visualize the urban change and call for social awareness in regards to the Latin American community in London.<\/p>\n As Richard Sennett argues in the book The<\/i> Craftsman<\/i>: \u201cUrban planning, like other technical practices, often zeroes in on needless complexity, trying to strip away tangles in a street or in public space. Functional simplicity carries a price; urbanites tend to react neutrally to stripped-down spaces, not caring much about where they are. \u201c (2009,p225) [Fig.22].<\/b><\/p>\n In relation to Elephant and Castle, Delancey and Lendlease, the developers15<\/sup><\/b>, projected the construction in terms of profit and no social approaches were made before starting the project. Although a couple of meetings with the community have happened, it was after calls from social leaders. Their necessities are not taken into account yet. Developers are just announcing that new thing that is going to happen. There is uncertainty in the atmosphere and the retailers are not sure about was is actually going to happen and what are their possibilities, this is due as well as the mind-set of the condition of an immigrant. As The report of the case of London Latin\u2019s Quarter stands out \u201cpolicy frameworks, local business environments and profiles of people and place to be fully inclusive of MEBs (Minority Ethnic Business). Only then will regeneration schemes fully utilise the role they can play in the transformation of local places and economies and help London to achieve its aspirations and vision of becoming a leading global city\u201d (Rom\u00e1n and Hill, 2016). Only if developers and government take into account migrant spots as opportunity places to enhance the transculturality aspect of the city, the whole problematic of belonging or not belonging will be considered in order to give a place in the city to the Latin American community.<\/p>\n In that sense, one can argue that it is possible to change places in fruitful manners constructing policies with communities and turning those ideas into realistic proposals. For example, many Latin American cities had have to deal with very problematic social issues such as: drug dealers, violence, forced displacements. Albeit, almost all of Latin America countries experiment enormously problematic social and cultural boundaries some cases have been studied by the academic Justin McGuirk in the book Radical Cities<\/i>, in which the author refers to successful projects in Latin America that engage the community with the space, as a consequence the permeability between people from outside with the particular social group of the area is strengthened, resulting in new transcultural practices (Bond and Rapson, 2014) that nourish the social dynamics of each city. As a particular case the author refers to Medellin\u2019s Social Urbanism<\/i> as \u201cthe power that a community possesses to effect radical change when it engages in the political process\u201d (McGuirk, 2014, p235). This acknowledgment is linked to Sennett\u2019s complexity <\/i>in two ways. Firstly, the social aspect of urbanism, that refers to Medellin\u00a0 <\/span>treated as a laboratory conducting \u2018social workshops\u2019\u00a0 <\/span>in order to develop the Urban Land Usage Plan16<\/sup><\/b>. Secondly, if Sennett\u2019s definition of urban design as a complexity processes are transported into social and cultural procedures within new development of E&C, one can argue that complexity is a proper way to describe the importance of taking into account needs instead of developing under simplicity parameters17<\/sup><\/b>, such as demolition and construction of something completely new that just leads to profit and a way to sell the project to the new Londoners18<\/sup><\/b>.\u00a0 <\/span>The importance here is to keep the Latin American atmosphere, in that order London will be keeping its Palimpsest character, its layers of cultural diversity.<\/p>\n It is not a secret that London nowadays is facing a massive restructuring pattern, that is pushing minor ethnic communities apart. As a result places that used to be visited and frequented by particular communities are becoming touristic spots, shifting into what Aug\u00e9 has called non-places (2008). As an example the Strata Tower and Square [Fig.23 and 24]<\/b> is a space of anonymity, where the identity of the surroundings is not recognised, on the other hand the case of the Shopping Centre presents ambivalence, between the place and the non-place character of that space. The sense of place there is enhanced by the\u00a0 <\/span>Latin American community and retailers, who live and work around, yet the visitor can experience both types of space, depending on its mind-set and on who is influencing him. In this case the developers here are addressing the definition of non-place as a space that has no identity, a place of sameness that does not allow the contruction of community (Ibid), is a space where everything looks like a pattern of contemporary urbanism, where the corporate city is erasing the traces of the urban neighborhood (Zukin, 2010). Evidently is the social diversity not the architecture and big\u00a0 <\/span>developments the aspects that gives a soul to London. Elephant and Castle area does need more cohesion and can be more permeable with London. <\/b>However, denying its identity will not solve the problem, the idea of shifting it into a public-private space is not coherent with the discourse of London as a welcoming city. Is it just welcoming for people with economic power?<\/span><\/p>\n The biggest problem of converting E&C into a non-place is the loss of cohesion. Redevelopment and revitalisation process in London are taking for granted the factor of working with communities of the area, like gathering information from their traditions and diversity. Ann Minton argues that \u201cturning places into consumer products tends to suck the original life out of them in all its diversity and unpredictability- with the consequence that places seem to become unreal, characterized by soullessness and sterility rather than organic activity\u201d (2006, p26) [Fig 25]<\/b>. If attachment to the place and\u00a0 <\/span>the sense belonging are lost, the level of trust between people will disappear, blocking the permeability of the place (Sennett, 2009,p227).<\/span><\/p>\n Elephant and Castle is a community hub, where immigrants help each other, for example with visa documents GPS, National Insurance, and daily life situations as \u2018unofficial\u2019 citizens, if this place disappears this is not only going to affect Southwark, it will affect the whole Latin American community that lives and works in London19\u00a0 <\/span><\/sup><\/b>(Mcllwaine, 2010, p7). The constant shift of a community place due to its privatization causes a fragmentation of society that in one way or another breaks the layers of historical London and vanishes the existence of communities in specific places. <\/span><\/p>\n Overall, this analysis looked at the character of London as a Palimpsest city that is risking its layers in order to become a homogenized spot, with great desire for economic profit. Furthermore, to illustrate that point the ideas of complexity considered in the light of Richard Sennett, questions the necessity of intervening places with the community as a process that involves delving into the space and understanding its dynamics from inside the social realm, the layers of the city could be enhanced rather than fragmented if the developers of new projects reinforce cultural-space networks. In addition the references to Ann Minton create inquiries around the privatization of the Shopping Centre area in Elephant and Castle, and the impact that action might have within the community. Also,\u00a0 this work provides evidence of the sensation of the inhabitants and retailers, like: fear, uncertainty and hope which are woven in the atmosphere and there is not a concrete answer in order to tackle these emotions and sensations. Still there are some possibilities, which I will come back to in the next paragraphs. Finally, it considered Justin McGuirk\u2019s analysis on Latin American cities (2014) as a positive and accurate way to manage social disruptions within the urban fabric, such as the lost sense of belonging transforming places into sameness spots (Minton, 2006).<\/p>\n As recommendation one might suggest that for successful intervention on the part of\u00a0 <\/span>Southwark council it would need to consider the Latin American sentiments and desires. In doing so, the work of\u00a0 <\/span>Latin Elephant20<\/sup><\/b>, is an effective strategy for maintaining cohesion in the area, to tackle the negative effects of the urban change. There is fear and uncertainty in the atmosphere as Claudia, points out\u00a0<\/span>\u201cI am sad because I feel that I have to leave the Shopping Centre, I\u00a0<\/span>don’t know if I will be re-located and that is stressful. I feel that I will lose the meeting points with Latin Americans\u201d. <\/i>(\u201cMapping Memories E&C,\u201d 2016). [Fig.27,28 and 29].<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n Going back to McGuirk studies on Latin American sites, when the author quoted Sergio Fajardo\u2019s statement22\u00a0 <\/span><\/sup><\/b>\u201cwhere there is fear there will be a fragmented society\u201d (2014, p241), this approach can be interpreted in the E&C as fear from the unknown about what will happen, and the lack of communication on the part of the Council, it can be clearly seen a position where the one who leads the battle is the one with economic power, and the people who give the place its sense, its atmosphere, recover it from a derelict postwar area are in an uncertain terrain where nobody knows exactly what is going to happen. Indeed renovations on the space and public realm are great for the area, which is in need for a more integrative public space. <\/b> Yet, the London plan must recognize the people who were there before and act in a conscientious way, that is to say, recognize the community in the first stage of the intervention proposal and acknowledge its needs, talking to them, inviting them to participate, creating spaces for dialogue and recognizing that they are the people that know the area as a whole.<\/span><\/p>\n Evidently, the uncertainty is the biggest problem within urban change, as the scholar and politician, Antanas Mockus claimed, \u201cWithout a sense of collective ownership, everything that should be public is inevitably annexed by private, commercial or authoritarian interests\u201d (Cited in McGuirk, 2014, p213). In order that the proposal for an \u2018official\u2019 London\u2019s Latin Quarter initiative of Dr. Patria Rom\u00e1n [Director of Latin Elephant] which is seeking to agree on guarantees for the Latin American community and retailers with the Southwark Council to improve<\/i>, expand<\/i>, enable <\/i>and cultivate <\/i>social cohesion with new employment opportunities that will contribute <\/b>to reinforce the levels of truth within Latin Americans, as well as create a more permeable membrane that allows social dynamics to follow from the Latin Quarter to the rest of the city (Rom\u00e1n, 2016).<\/span><\/p>\n Finally, one might say that there is hope as well as doubt and fear. At the end nobody knows what will happen next, certainly the Southwark Council has the tools to tackle this problem in the manner they consider more accurate within their interests and most certainly Latin Elephant and the Latin American population will be claiming their place in the city, so it will be a long process. After all, <\/span>\u201cviewing the city intermittently is a process of unbearable and inexplicable anticipation, since any movement of the city in any direction is potentially possible\u201d\u00a0<\/b><\/span>(Barber, 1995, p47)<\/span>.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n Footnotes:<\/strong><\/p>\n 1<\/sup><\/b> City experiment the closure of GLC [Greater London Council] which leads to the independent Borough Administration enhancing cold and warm spots, this political decision lead to the social division in terms of racial [ethnic] facts.<\/p>\n 2 <\/sup><\/b>The Illustration Millenials-Creative Class<\/i> was part of an analysis of Greenwich Peninsula. Created with Renata Guerra for the Module Interpreting Space at the University of Westminster.<\/p>\n 3\u00a0 <\/span><\/sup><\/b><\/span>Other areas facing similar process are: Stratford, Shoreditch, Whitechapel, Bentham Green, Greenwich and Seven Sisters.<\/p>\n 4 <\/sup><\/b>As a matter of fact, looking at its architecture sets an example: from medieval architecture to Victorian houses, and then to new already made buildings using containers as the basis of contemporary architecture.<\/p>\n 5 <\/sup><\/b> Regarding to the process that Berlin past through in order to overcome the Second World War damages.<\/p>\n 6<\/sup><\/b> See [www.elephantandcastle-lendlease.com<\/a>] and [www.delancey.com\/elephant-&-castle-redevelopment.html<\/a>]<\/p>\n 7<\/sup><\/b> Where the Elephant with the howdah was first located before being installed at the Shopping Centre.<\/p>\n 8<\/sup><\/b> Which was rebuilt in 1818, later in 1898.<\/p>\n 9<\/sup><\/b> The pub was damage during the Second World War, so that the building was demolished and the public house was moved to another place close to the roundabout.<\/p>\n 10<\/sup><\/b> Inherited from the Soviet Union and the Nazi Diaspora to the continent. Dictatorships and Communist Governments.<\/p>\n 11<\/sup><\/b>Evidently the wealthy ones in the North and the Working Class in the outskirts and South of London.<\/p>\n 12<\/sup><\/b> Elephant Road, Newington Butts, Eagle Yard Arches, and Old Kent Road.<\/p>\n 13<\/sup><\/b>The author was refering to referring to Seven Sisters and E&C areas as meeting points particularly for Colombian people.<\/p>\n 14 <\/sup><\/b>It started with the Heygate State, a housing state, close to the E&C shopping Centre, constructed in 1974 and demolished between 2010 and 2014 . Many people were evicted from the area, and now a new complex of buildings is under construction (2016 ).<\/p>\n 15 <\/sup><\/b>See [ http:\/\/www.elephantpark.co.uk\/local-area\/elephant-and-castle] In the Elephant Park proposal, it can be seen how the space is going to be redevelop in total without taking into account the history of the place. It will be something completely new.<\/p>\n 16 <\/sup><\/b>Urban Land Use Plan [Plan de Ordenamiento territorial] was the result of a collective effort made by politicians, entrepreneurs, students and local communities. Some of the projects that changed Medell\u00edn are: Parques Bilioteca [Library Parks], UVA [Unit of articulated urban life] and The Metro Cable [Cable Car as public transport] in order to satisfy population needs and desires to be included. Medell\u00edn is a city that faced massive immigration from the rural areas of Colombia in the 1990\u2019s. Leading to unofficial settlements in the outskirts [Mountains]. The displaced people were an enormously isolated social group. Nevertheless with the social urbanism development the situation has been improving ever since. Nowadays the city is more inclusive with the majority of the inhabitants. Yet, there is still a lot of work to be done. For more information about Medellin\u2019s process See [www.reddebibliotecas.org.co\/grupos\/sbpm<\/a>], [http:\/\/lasuvadelavida.com<\/a>] and [http:\/\/gondolaproject.com\/medellin<\/a>]<\/p>\n 17<\/sup><\/b> Such as: big public and green spaces, without any allusion to the local area, or global material that transform the space into a homogenized spot.<\/p>\n 18<\/sup><\/b>See, for example, Strata Tower Project<\/a>.<\/p>\n 19 <\/sup><\/b>Which by 2008 were 113,500 and has continued to grow leading to strengthened retail and economic flows between Latin American and the UK.<\/p>\n![\"International](\"https:\/\/blog.westminster.ac.uk\/international\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/54\/2016\/09\/2-1.png\")
<\/p>\nLondon as a Palimpsest<\/strong><\/h3>\n
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<\/p>\nContextualisation<\/strong><\/h3>\n
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<\/p>\nThe shopping Centre and the Latin American Community<\/strong><\/h3>\n
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<\/p>\nSimplicity Vs. Complexity<\/strong><\/h3>\n
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<\/p>\nCommunity places vs. private and public spaces<\/strong><\/h3>\n
![\"International](\"https:\/\/blog.westminster.ac.uk\/international\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/54\/2016\/09\/23-24-1.png\")
<\/p>\n![\"International](\"https:\/\/blog.westminster.ac.uk\/international\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/54\/2016\/09\/25-1.png\")
<\/p>\nAs a conclusion: London’s Latin Quarter<\/strong><\/h3>\n
![\"International](\"https:\/\/blog.westminster.ac.uk\/international\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/54\/2016\/09\/26-1.png\")
<\/p>\n![\"International](\"https:\/\/blog.westminster.ac.uk\/international\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/54\/2016\/09\/27-1.png\")
![\"International](\"https:\/\/blog.westminster.ac.uk\/international\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/54\/2016\/09\/28-1.png\")
![\"International](\"https:\/\/blog.westminster.ac.uk\/international\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/54\/2016\/09\/29-1.png\")
<\/p>\n
\n