{"id":27610,"date":"2018-12-05T15:45:06","date_gmt":"2018-12-05T15:45:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/thevoiceoflondon.co.uk\/?p=27610"},"modified":"2018-12-05T15:45:06","modified_gmt":"2018-12-05T15:45:06","slug":"the-great-smogs-aftermath","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.westminster.ac.uk\/thevoiceoflondon\/the-great-smogs-aftermath\/","title":{"rendered":"The Great Smog&#8217;s aftermath"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>66 years on from London&#8217;s toxic Great Smog and despite the growing amount of research and attention focused on air pollution, this still remains a concerning issue worldwide.<\/b><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_28177\" style=\"width: 508px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-28177\" class=\" wp-image-28177\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.westminster.ac.uk\/thevoiceoflondon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/64\/2018\/12\/30512519164_5158c4dbb3_o-300x161.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"498\" height=\"267\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-28177\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo credit: David Holt &#8211; Flickr<\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong>A brief look on the London Great Smog<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It was the 5th of December 1952 when a thick, yellow fog left London in a virtual standstill for four days and entered the history pages of what today is known as the Great Smog.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">People were using low-quality sulphurous coal to stay warm and around the same time an anticyclone was hanging over London which resulted in keeping the cold air trapped as well as the chimney smoke close to the ground.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">With visibility reduced to just a few yards, effects of the smog included major disruption to public transport, emergency services and outdoor sports events. E<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">xperts estimate the smog claimed at least <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">8,000 lives, and perhaps as many as 12,000.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_28182\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-28182\" class=\"wp-image-28182 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.westminster.ac.uk\/thevoiceoflondon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/64\/2018\/12\/Nelsons_Column_during_the_Great_Smog_of_1952-300x284.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"284\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-28182\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Capture from the 1952 London Great Smog Photo credit: N.T. Stobbs via Wikimedia Commons<\/p><\/div>\n<p>That led to the Clean Air Act of 1956 to be passed in Parliament which restricted the burning of coal in urban areas and access to alternative heating systems such as gas fires. However, the transition toward gas, oil and electricity hasn&#8217;t come into effect that quickly and other deadly fogs occurred, yet none at the scale of the 1952 Great Smog.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What has changed since then?\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nowadays, coal pollution may not represent a reason of concern, but that doesn&#8217;t mean the air quality has improved. In fact, coal pollution has been replaced by &#8220;invisible pollution&#8221;, as shown in some <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ippr.org\/publications\/lethal-and-illegal-londons-air-pollution-crisis\">stats<\/a> found by IPPR, the Progressive Policy Think Tank:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>In London, approximately 50 per cent of air pollution comes from road transport and 40 per cent comes from diesel.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>6m car journeys are made by Londoners every day (2m of those are under 2km).<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A recent <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/734799\/COMEAP_NO2_Report.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">report <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">conducted by King\u2019s College London on the Medical Effects of Air Pollutants (COMEAP) shows that <strong>every year in the UK up to 36,000 people die as a result of air pollution<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>According to the World Health Organization (WHO),\u00a0<strong>90\u00a0per cent of people breathe unsafe air <\/strong>and consequently<strong>,\u00a0<\/strong>air pollution is also responsible for<strong>\u00a0seven million early deaths every year.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/twitter.com\/UNEnvironment\/status\/1053303015501893632<\/p>\n<p><strong>What is it to be done?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-28205 alignright\" src=\"http:\/\/blog.westminster.ac.uk\/thevoiceoflondon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/64\/2018\/12\/Screen-Shot-2018-12-05-at-14.49.49-1-300x167.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"382\" height=\"213\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;I want London to be a world leader in how we respond to the challenge of cleaning up our air,\u201d said Sadiq Khan in a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.london.gov.uk\/press-releases\/mayoral\/mayor-doubles-funding-to-clean-up-londons-air\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement\u00a0<\/a>in 2016.<\/p>\n<p>Since then, the London Mayor\u00a0has proposed a series of actions to combat air pollution in the capital:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p id=\"Stub-141500\" class=\"field__item even\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.london.gov.uk\/what-we-do\/transport\/mayors-new-ps10-toxicity-charge-londons-most-polluting-cars\">Toxicity Charge (T-Charge)<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; \u00a310 toxicity fee for older, more polluting vehicles, mainly diesel and petrol ones registered before 2006, but also later models.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p id=\"Stub-141500\" class=\"field__item even\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tfl.gov.uk\/modes\/driving\/ultra-low-emission-zone?intcmp=26434\">Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ)<\/a>\u00a0&#8211; set to be launched in April 2019, looking to tighten the emission standards for diesel vehicles.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.london.gov.uk\/what-we-do\/environment\/pollution-and-air-quality\/cleaning-londons-vehicles\">Cleaner Vehicle Checker<\/a> &#8211; it shows the levels of\u00a0nitrogen oxides (NOx).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>https:\/\/twitter.com\/MayorofLondon\/status\/1045341568176074753<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Progress on air pollution is already being made in other countries across the globe.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Let\u2019s take China for example, heavily criticised for the alarming levels of pollution there.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Four years ago, President Xi has declared a war on pollution after the country has been labelled as the largest emitter of greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide and particle PM 2.5 (the worst of the air-borne pollution particles that can cause deaths from heart attacks, cancer, asthma among other health risks). <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Since then, China has made the biggest investment in clean energy and is yet to become a global leader in renewable energy. Greenpeace announced in its most recent <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/eastasia\/press\/releases\/climate-energy\/2018\/PM25-in-Beijing-down-54-nationwide-air-quality-improvements-slow-as-coal-use-increases\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">report <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">at the beginning of the year that the levels of PM 2.5 fell 35% in 74 cities across China. Nationwide, about 160,000 premature deaths were avoided in 2017 due to the reduction in pollution.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/twitter.com\/CISGroupUK\/status\/1064419546977771520<\/p>\n<p><strong>What can you do on an individual basis?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The World Health Organisation and UN Environment have created a global campaign,\u00a0<span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><a href=\"http:\/\/breathelife2030.org\/\">BreatheLife,\u00a0<\/a>aimed to mobilise cities and individuals to protect the planet.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/twitter.com\/UNEnvironment\/status\/1065160945176068096<\/p>\n<p><strong>Words: Teodora Agarici | Subbing: Maria Campuzano<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Featured image:\u00a0Photo by\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/photos\/GVLhWdib3BU?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\">Petter Rudwall<\/a>\u00a0on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/search\/photos\/air-pollution-london?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\">Unsplash<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>66 years on from London&#8217;s toxic Great Smog and despite the growing amount of research and attention focused on air pollution, this still remains a concerning issue worldwide. A brief look on the London Great&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":476,"featured_media":28202,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[43,75,115],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27610","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environment","category-investigations","category-specials"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.westminster.ac.uk\/thevoiceoflondon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27610","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.westminster.ac.uk\/thevoiceoflondon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.westminster.ac.uk\/thevoiceoflondon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.westminster.ac.uk\/thevoiceoflondon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/476"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.westminster.ac.uk\/thevoiceoflondon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27610"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blog.westminster.ac.uk\/thevoiceoflondon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27610\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.westminster.ac.uk\/thevoiceoflondon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28202"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.westminster.ac.uk\/thevoiceoflondon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27610"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.westminster.ac.uk\/thevoiceoflondon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27610"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.westminster.ac.uk\/thevoiceoflondon\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27610"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}